Vagrant_001：Mac 下安装与使用 Vagrant

环境：MAC OS X 10.12.1 + Vagrant 1.8.6

Vagrant 可以用来在单台物理机器编程管理多个虚拟机。其支持原生VirtualBox，并同时提供了对 VMware Fusion、Amazon EC2 虚拟机集群的插件支持。
Vagrant 提供了极易使用、基于Ruby的内部DSL，允许用户使用它们的配置参数定义一个或多个虚拟机。
对于自动部署，Vagrant 支持多种机制：可以使用 puppet、chef 或者在 Vagrant 配置文件中定义的所有虚拟机上自动安装软件程序和配置的 shell 脚本等。
因此，Vagrant 可以在运行着多台虚机的系统上定义复杂的虚拟框架，非常酷。

1. 下载并安装 VirtualBox

下载地址：https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

2. 下载并安装 Vagrant

下载地址：https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html

$ vagrant -v

Vagrant 1.8.6

3. 下载 Vagrant 官方提供的 OS 镜像

下载地址：http://www.vagrantbox.es/

选择 CentOS 7.0 x64 (Minimal, VirtualBox Guest Additions 4.3.28, Puppet 3.8.1 - see here for more infos)。

4. 创建开发目录

5. 添加下载好的 OS 镜像到 Vagrant

$ cd ~/Vagrant/projects/test

$ vagrant box add centos-7.0 ~/Vagrant/boxes/centos-7.0-x86_64.box

6. 初始化开发环境

$ vagrant init centos7

A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now

ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read

the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on

`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

7. 启动开发环境

$ vagrant up

Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...

==> default: Importing base box 'centos-7.0'...

==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...

==> default: Setting the name of the VM: test_default_1478242742435_87282

==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...

==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...

==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...

    default: Adapter 1: nat

==> default: Forwarding ports...

    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)

==> default: Booting VM...

==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...

    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222

    default: SSH username: vagrant

    default: SSH auth method: private key

    default:

    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace

    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.

    default:

    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...

    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...

    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...

==> default: Machine booted and ready!

==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...

    default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of

    default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can

    default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see

    default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the

    default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on

    default: your host and reload your VM.

    default:

    default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.28

    default: VirtualBox Version: 5.0

==> default: Mounting shared folders...

    default: /vagrant => /Users/maping/Vagrant/projects/test

8. 登录到虚机

$ vagrant ssh

9. 修改 Vagrantfile，去掉下面这行前面的注释

config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

$ vagrant reload // 重启虚机

$ ping 192.168.33.10

10. 在虚机中安装 http 服务

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo yum install httpd // 安装 http 服务

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo systemctl start httpd.service // 启动 http 服务

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo systemctl enable httpd // 设置 http 服务状态

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled // 查看 http 服务的状态

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --stat // 检测防火墙状态

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http // 永久性开放 http 端口

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo iptables -L -n | grep 21 // 查看80端口是否开放

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo systemctl restart firewalld // 重启防火墙

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ exit

$ vagrant reload // 重启虚机

访问 http://192.168.33.10/

11. 修改 Vagrantfile，设置共享文件夹

(1) config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

第1个目录是你本地的文件夹，第2个是挂在到虚拟机上的文件夹。

(2) 给共享文件夹设置权限

12. 打包分发

$ vagrant package

13. 其它 vagrant 常用命令

$ vagrant halt  // 关闭虚拟机

$ vagrant status  // 查看虚拟机运行状态

$ vagrant destroy  // 销毁当前虚拟机

参考文献：

1. http://www.jianshu.com/p/7747c31012f8 Mac OSX+VirtualBox+Vagrant+CentOS初体验

2. http://blog.csdn.net/ebw123/article/details/44138725 mac 下 安装vagrant